The average working day was 11 hours, six days a week. Be as detailed as possible, I want to get a better understanding of the reasoning behind the protests to the Winter Palace in 1905. He didn't have an heir to the throne (his son was ill). But the empire also included Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists. Living conditions were horrendous as developers struggled to deal with the demand for accommodation. Under communism, economic growth was restrained but there was a very low level of inequality. At the beginning of World War I, the number of urban wage labourers is estimated at between 12 and 22 million, roughly half of them being employed in factories, small-scale enterprises and construction. (ii) Industry was found in pockets and craftsman took much of the production. They marched to demand better working conditions, more personal freedoms, and greater representation in government. Russian Working Conditions in the 19th Century Karl Marx drafted The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels in the mid-19th century after living in Moscow and seeing the strife of laborers there. Russia's eventual defeat in the Russo-Japanese war further upset the already disgruntled Russian public and cost the Russian government a large amount of money. The conditions of Russia before 1905: (i)Social Condition: At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vast majority of Russia’s people were agriculturists.About 85% of Russia's population was agriculturist. 2.6. He then joined a larger group in St. Petersburg and in the summer of 1895 he went overseas and exchanged views with banished Marxist leaders. Famine was a common occurrence at the turn of the century. Russian Revolution of 1905 . There were no annual holidays, sick leave or superannuation. Bloody Sunday started a series of events that became known as the 1905 revolution. Why did thousands of Russian citizens march on St. Petersburg in 1905? The tsar was not present, however, and the workers were instead gunned down on the streets by panicky soldiers. January 9, 1905 (Bloody Sunday) We, workers and inhabitants of the city of St. Petersburg, members of various sosloviia (estates of the realm), our wives, children, and helpless old parents, have come to you, Sovereign, to seek justice and protection. Click on ‘Start Quiz’ to Take Test.) In factory towns people lived in overcrowded slums and there were very few sanitary facilities. (i) 1900 (ii) 1901 (iii) 1905 (iv) 1908. By 1905 they were severe and widespread. Photos; Q & A; Podcast; Further Reading; Section 2 (1905) Why was there a Revolution in 1905? Life was extremely difficult for the working class. This was also for very little pay. The Conditions of the Working Class; When Does a 'Revolutionary Situation' Start? Russia had no form of income tax. People worked for long hours, their wages were low and rent was high. Defeat by Japan brought the Tsar's rule into question. But living and working conditions in Russia’s industrial towns were no better. (iii) Most industries were the private property of industrialists. The peasants became furious and more issues got worse for them. (ii) Improved working conditions, free medical aid, higher wages for women workers. Match. Bloody Sunday 'There is no Tsar' Mass Protests; The Tsar Reacts; The Petrograd Soviet; The October Manifesto; How Should We Explain the Violence of 1905? Better working conditions and an eight hour days work2. The Moscow Uprising; What were the Lessons of the 1905 … There was little to protect the pay or safety of workers. Long term economic and political discontent led to the 1905 revolution. Socio-economic condition of Russia before the Revolution of 1905: (i) About 85 percent of the Russian population earned their living from agriculture. (a) Social Conditions: The majority religion was Russian Orthodox Christianity which had grown out of the Greek Orthodox Church. Read about our approach to external linking. Nicholas II responded with a number of concessions. 100 workers were killed, and about 300 were wounded. Gapon was a Russian orthodox priest. Although this piece of legislation had brought an end to serfdom, peasants still remained tied to the village … Over three-quarters of the Russian population were unhappy with their position in the Empire. Land hunger was a major issue in the countryside. Introduced in Russia after 1917, the system in which a government controls the … Industry was existent, but rarely in which most of was privately owned. Redemption payments were eased on peasants, and enterprising farmers gained new rights to acquire land, creating a successful though widely resented kulak class in… Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1982. vii + 308 pp. pursuing law for a short period in Samara, Lenin shaped a small covert Marxist group. Most workers made roughly the same income. The Tsar taxed the produce of the peasant farmers to raise money to maintain his regime. Peasants wanted change, but they were not getting it. We are impoverished and oppressed, we are burdened with work, and insulted. With industrialisation, under the guidance of Tsarist advisers Vyshnegradsky and Witte, came increased urbanisation. Russian Revolution Sofia Montoya, Juan Stordeur and Victoria Quiroga 2. 431 Review essay The Russian working class, 1905-1917 A discussion of Victoria E. Bonnell, Roots of Rebellion; Workers' Poli-tics and Organizations in St. Petersburg and Moscow, 1900-1914 Bloody Sunday or Red Sunday (Russian: Крова́вое воскресе́нье, tr. Conditions of factory workers in late 19th century Russia (1885) Between 1882 and 1885, Russian officials carried out a series of visits and inspections of industrial factories and worker housing. Workers, who had hoped for a better future living in cities, instead faced long hours, poor wages, and inadequate housing. Petition Prepared for Presentation to Nicholas II January 9, 1905 (Bloody Sunday) We, workers and inhabitants of the city of St. Petersburg, members of various sosloviia (estates of the realm), our wives, children, and helpless old parents, have come to you, Sovereign, to seek justice and protection. The Russian ur… A major event leading to the Russian Revolution took place on January 22, 1905. A long-term social and economic cause of the 1905 Revolution was the continuing anger of both peasants and landowners to the emancipation of the serfs 1861. Although their working hours and conditions were long and difficult, this was the first time that many women experienced independence from the patriarchal village traditions and structures. By 1905 they were severe and widespread. PLAY. Father Gapon became the leader of this march for he was concerned with the life condition of the lower class and working class people. (ii) Industry was found in pockets and craftsman took much of the production. The nooses used to hang people who were hastily sentenced to execution in the courts established by Article 87. The October strike started in St. Petersburg and quickly spread to Moscow and soon the railwaymen strike paralysed the whole Russian railway network. Chapter - 2 Socialism in Europe and Russian Revolution Quiz - 1 Class - 9th. Peasants and workers alike suffered horrendous living and working conditions and hence posed a threat to the Tsarist regime. On January 22 1905, one hundred thousand workers, led by a priest, marched peacefully to the czar’s Winter Palace in the Russian capital of St. Petersburg. Created by. Living and working conditions for most peasants were dreadful, famine and starvation were common. Many lived in communal houses similar to army quarters, where kitchens, toilets and washrooms were shared. The document was a reflection on the two men’s belief that the wealthier members of society were exploiting the working class. Defeat by Japan brought the Tsar's rule into question. The Russian Revolution … The average working day was 11 hours, six days a week. The main challenge Alexander II faced in his projects towards modernization of Russia was a compromise between advancing his state thorough improving the lives of his subjects, without falling prey to the demand for further reforms he would be unable to satisfy. They went on a peaceful petition march asking for:1. Workers were a divided group. Although some wealthier peasants (Kulaks) did own their land, this was often at the expense of the poorer peasants. This was also for very little pay. Laws protecting workers brought in under Alexander III and Nicholas II did little to improve the situation as the working day remained at 11.5 hours. No defense lawyers were allowed, and if sentenced to death, it was to occur within 24 hours of the sentence. World War I brought even greater freedom – and hardship – as thousands of women were mobilised to fill roles left vacant by men at the front and to support the war effort. Lenin came back to Russia, only to be taken into custody in December of 1895 and expatriated to Siberia for five years for controlling and managing the Union for the Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class. The average working day was 10.5 hours, six days a week, but 15-hour days were not unknown. Workers had strong links to the villages they came from and this also caused a social divide among workers. However, in order to give the peasants land, the government had to pay the landowners for it. Factory conditions were terrible. A further long-term social and economic cause of the 1905 Revolution was the worsening conditions of both peasants and urban workers. Alexandra Kollontai was on the march and her biographer, Cathy Porter, has described what took place: \"She describe… A further long-term social and economic cause of the 1905 Revolution was the worsening conditions of both peasants and urban workers. Russia - Working conditions Russia has paid a high social price for its rapid progress in the transition from communism. Photos; Q & A; Podcast; Further Reading; Section 2 (1905) Why was there a Revolution in 1905? The loyal character of the demonstration was stressed by the many church icons and portraits of the Tsar carried by the demonstrators. In the main cities, living conditions were very poor and the accommodation for the workers was very cramped, usually having only enough floor space for people to … It formed in 1905, and then re-formed in 1917. The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a major factor in the February Revolutions of 1917. Russia industrialized much later than Western Europe and the United States. 95166, posted 18 Jul 2019 08:03 UTC. The factory workers believed that Nicholas was misled and he would make changes if he knew of the real sufferings. ellx_s. Krovávoye voskresén'e, IPA: [krɐˈvavəɪ vəskrʲɪˈsʲenʲjɪ]) is the name given to the events of Sunday, 22 January [O.S. The document was a reflection on the two men’s belief that the wealthier members of society were exploiting the working class. Spell. • Workers in England and Germany began forming associations to fight for better living and working conditions. Laura Engelstein, Moscow, 1905: Working-Class Organization and Political Conflict. Conditions in the factories were extremely harsh and little concern was shown for the workers' health and safety. 1905 was the year when the incident of ‘Bloody Sunday’ took place. It claimed the authority to speak for the working classes in Russia. Conditions of factory workers in late 19th century Russia (1885) Between 1882 and 1885, Russian officials carried out a series of visits and inspections of industrial factories and worker housing. Stolypin's necktie. Russia 1899-1905 Lychakov, Nikita 16 July 2019 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/95166/ MPRA Paper No. Describe the economic condition of Russia before 1905. MILITARY 1.1. The Russian army consisted of around 938,731 regular soldiers and 245,850 irregulars. Even though they did not have enough to feed themselves, peasants were expected to produce surplus grain for export. The Tsar showed little concern to their sensitivity. Russia, before 1905 and after had been ruled by the Tsar and his family, a reign during the Ramonov Dynasty stretching back to 1613, a stetch of over 300 years it represented what had always been and what would ever be. You are about to leave your parents, who have directed your actions for your entire life. While many Russian soldiers were on the front during World War I, most of those who remained behind responded to the February Revolution by . At this time the Russian industrial employee worked on average an 11 hour day (10 hours on Saturday). They were demanding better working conditions. The following document is one of several hundred reports later filed by these inspectors. • They turned to the their ‘Little Father”. Workplace hygiene and safety were poor. Wages, work hours (except for women and children), and most work conditions remained unregulated. This was disastrous for those migrating to the cities looking for work. Answers ( 1) Conditions when Tsar Nick was in power were not good. Nearly 4 million worked in large industrial enterprises. Many socialists view this as a period when the rising revolutionary movement was met with rising reactionary movements. Subsequently after serving his time in Siberia, Lenin went, finished by a successful terrorist attack following no fewer than ten unsuccessful ones. These activities prompted the bourgeoisie of various nationalities in the Russian Empire to develop a host of parties, both liberal and conservative. Workers, who had hoped for a better future living in cities, instead faced long hours, poor wages, and inadequate housing. Thanks :) (iii) Most industries were the private property of industrialists. The following were the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905. Others had settled in cities permanently. They marched to demand better working conditions, more personal freedoms, and greater representation in government. According to Count Witte, the Finance Minister in charge of Russia's industrialization until 1905, the worker 'raised on the frugal habits of rural life' was 'much more easily satisfied' than his counterpart in Europe or North America, so that 'low wages appeared as a fortunate gift to Russian enterprise'. Socio-economic condition of Russia before the Revolution of 1905: (i) About 85 percent of the Russian population earned their living from agriculture. When was the Socialist Revolutionary Party formed in Russia? Main Problems Facing Industrial Workers in Russia in 1905 By 1905, cities were flooded with workers. Long term economic and political discontent led to the 1905 revolution. What they had in common were appalling work conditions, housing problems, low wages, and a weak position vis-à-vis the factory ... (Part One), in: Slavic Review 23/4 (1964), pp. Towards the end of the 19th century, peasant women began to migrate to the cities in large numbers to work in factories or domestic service. Russian society was divided into three classes-the clergy, nobility and the working … Facts about Bloody Sunday Russia 8: the condition of the working and lower class. The Bloody Sunday massacre was an important short term cause. 123Helpme.com. They were fired upon by soldiers and many of them were … The burden of taxation was so great that periodic riots broke out. Rose L. Glickman, Russian Factory Women: Workplace and Society, 1880-1914. Although strikes had been common in Russia in the years leading up to 1905, this powerful weapon of direct action effectively paralysed the whole country. By the winter of 1904, dissatisfaction among the working class in Russia had escalated to the point that numerous strikes were staged in St. Petersburg. Social Conditions: Russia before 1905 was still living in the old world, under the autocratic rule of the Tsar. The January 1905 incident began as a relatively peaceful protest by disgruntled steelworkers in St Petersburg. 1.2. Spark off the Russian revolution 1905. Westwood, revisiting Russian History in 1981 phrased the problem as follows: “how to advance the education of the state by educating the people, without educating, The Emergence of Capitalist Economy In Russia This is one of the main events in the early days of Russia which contributed to the 1905 Revolution. This increased the hardship of peasants. There was widespread famine in 1901. A Large number of workers were marching to the Tsar's palace in order to present a petition for better working conditions. Long term economic and political discontent led to the 1905 revolution. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. However, you have never had to make your own decisions, and are having trouble handling your new situation. Test. (v) An end to the war with Japan. As a result, the peasants had to pay this ‘loan’ back to the state in the form of Redemption Payments. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in … We are impoverished and oppressed, we are burdened with work, and insulted. Only the 1905-1907 Revolution brought the Russian government to grant an elected legislature (the State Duma) and legalize labor unions and strikes. Size of the Country Russian Acquisitions up to 1914 Russia was an even larger country in 1900 than today. Copyright © 2000-2020. Russian society was divided into three classes-the clergy, nobility and the working class., Serfdom was abolished in 1861, but the peasants continued to live in misery. Flashcards. The Revolution of 1905 was the first time the Tsar had faced opposition from so many groups in Russian society at the same time. Bloody Sunday and the Revolution of 1905 By the winter of 1904, dissatisfaction among the working class in Russia had escalated to the point that numerous strikes were staged in St. Petersburg. Russian Revolution 1905 1. The October strike started in St. Petersburg and quickly spread to Moscow and soon the railwaymen strike paralysed the whole Russian … Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. Nicholas II His government was weak, didn't want to improve the country. Overall, the working conditions were terrible. The Socialist parties were gaining strength. In January 1905, Father Gapon led thousands of factory workers to the Czars Winter Palace at St.Petersburg. Over 150,000 people signed the document and on 22nd January, 1905, Father Georgi Gapon led a large procession of workers to the Winter Palace in order to present the petition. Although strikes had been common in Russia in the years leading up to 1905, this powerful weapon of direct action effectively paralysed the whole country. Living and working conditions in Russia’s industrial towns were no better. Causes 3. Russia was ripe for a bourgeois revolution; over-ripe, in fact. Angered by poor working conditions, an economic slump and the ongoing war with Japan, thousands marched on the Winter Palace to plead with Tsar Nicholas IIfor reform. The process of industrialisation in the Russian Empire gave birth to a new class of industrial labourers, recruited from Russia’s predominantly peasant population. Why were they like this? The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a major factor of the February Revolutions of 1917, unleashing a steady current of worker unrest and increased political agitation. joining the riots instead of stopping them. "Bloody Sunday" occurred in 1905, when over 3000 people engaged in a peaceful protest requestin… The amount of land a single peasant had was declining through the practice of dividing land among successive generations of a family. The Bloody Sunday massacre was an important short term cause. Introduction: A Newfound Freedom (i) Social conditions: There was no equality among the working class. With industrialisation, under the guidance of Tsarist advisers Vyshnegradsky and Witte, came increased urbanisation. Protests and strikes were on the increase in the early 1900s. The social, economic and political conditions in Russia, before 1905 was quite backward. Security of the Tsarist state before 1905, Attempts to strengthen Tsarism, 1905-1914, Reasons for the February Revolution, 1917, Reasons for the success of the October Revolution, 1917, Reasons for the victory of the Reds in the Civil War, Religious, moral and philosophical studies. (iv) Freedom of speech, press, association and religion. 1903-1904 became known as the Years of the Red Cockerel when peasants seized a great deal of land in the countryside. They had no way of improving their situation. The onset of World War I exposed the weakness of Nicholas II’s government. STUDY. Post navigation. Russian Working Conditions in the 19th Century Karl Marx drafted The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels in the mid-19th century after living in Moscow and seeing the strife of laborers there. Krovávoye voskresén'e, IPA: [krɐˈvavəɪ vəskrʲɪˈsʲenʲjɪ]) is the name given to the events of Sunday, 22 January [O.S. 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