In this article, I provide a brief history of the development of Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM). 7+5 7. 0000005942 00000 n G�C���a��(*�_��s endstream endobj 315 0 obj 1074 endobj 316 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 315 0 R >> stream 0000028217 00000 n �IeG�N:9)��0rD��eQ��d��Y����v��y���/�!r�}jx�ae�]Q��+jJ��k��ո�&���^��3�������g�:u�#���T�C�?h�pq�@{�D�-D��U��?�G~�����R[���"0�l�=��SSG*��V�]��M�������76�j�y�k���G����bs����A��S@�ג��6�@ Ȓq�"{�8�jb\�L ]�OA|�/�_��h�������㨅������k�����ݣHC�K�ƭ~������(�g|���m�3�5_?���=�28�� �����Ӡ��>`�5�f�&)s�c�s?����5ƙ�8�s���d�]Q��l�l�LnK@��-�رۼ�o� ��ɲÏ K6anc�}L4q� endstream endobj 341 0 obj 647 endobj 302 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 296 0 R /Resources 303 0 R /Contents [ 312 0 R 314 0 R 316 0 R 318 0 R 324 0 R 326 0 R 328 0 R 339 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 303 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 304 0 R /TT4 305 0 R /TT6 307 0 R /TT8 320 0 R /TT9 323 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 335 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 310 0 R >> >> endobj 304 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 352 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 454 454 0 0 0 454 364 0 636 0 0 0 0 636 0 636 636 0 454 0 0 0 0 0 0 683 0 698 766 632 575 0 0 421 0 0 557 843 0 0 603 0 695 684 616 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 601 623 521 623 596 352 622 633 274 0 0 274 973 633 607 623 0 427 521 394 633 591 0 0 591 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /GACMFO+Verdana-Italic /FontDescriptor 309 0 R >> endobj 305 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 151 /Widths [ 352 394 0 0 0 0 0 0 454 454 0 0 364 454 364 454 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 454 454 0 818 0 545 0 684 0 698 771 632 575 775 751 421 0 693 557 0 748 787 603 787 695 684 616 732 0 989 0 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 601 623 521 623 596 352 623 633 274 344 592 274 973 633 607 623 623 427 521 394 633 592 818 592 592 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 269 269 0 0 0 636 1000 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /GACMHP+Verdana /FontDescriptor 308 0 R >> endobj 306 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1005 /CapHeight 734 /Descent -209 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -73 -208 1707 1000 ] /FontName /GACMJB+Verdana-Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 188 /XHeight 546 /FontFile2 330 0 R >> endobj 307 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 133 /Widths [ 342 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 543 543 0 0 361 480 361 0 711 711 711 711 0 711 0 0 0 0 402 0 0 0 0 0 0 776 0 724 0 683 650 811 0 546 0 0 637 948 0 850 733 850 782 710 682 812 0 0 0 737 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 668 699 588 699 664 422 699 712 342 0 0 342 1058 712 687 699 0 497 593 456 712 650 979 669 651 597 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1049 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /GACMJB+Verdana-Bold /FontDescriptor 306 0 R >> endobj 308 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1005 /CapHeight 734 /Descent -209 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -50 -207 1447 1000 ] /FontName /GACMHP+Verdana /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 96 /XHeight 546 /FontFile2 332 0 R >> endobj 309 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1005 /CapHeight 734 /Descent -209 /Flags 96 /FontBBox [ -131 -207 1461 1000 ] /FontName /GACMFO+Verdana-Italic /ItalicAngle -15 /StemV 95.58299 /FontFile2 331 0 R >> endobj 310 0 obj [ /ICCBased 334 0 R ] endobj 311 0 obj 935 endobj 312 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 311 0 R >> stream ­ select the Statistics… button ­ select Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ­ select Item in the Descriptives for list ­ select Consistency in the Type: list ­ Continue and OK Figure 1: Steps in SPSS to obtain ICC Therapist2 Results: Tables 2 & 3 show some of the output from the reliability analysis, showing the mean (SD) of the Validity of the measuring instrument represents the degree to which the scale measures what it is expected to measure. often affects its interrater reliability. :ŠB[ß`X”EÞ2—V„ÀýŠœŒÜ]˜ö8Ì8TU±œõ.¿õ½ˆS–Õˆk|ö„Ø>SŸXþ:Peƒ †Yí; Ùj#[ù#Ðü0=»qÊQÙ¤Ùt/ µ"_C¦nk€gè]ܙAä‘ûÅz{“2ŸcQF? !N���'�����„1�!6i ����Fd���՛p�/��I��4�6[nB؉h" \C��w�-����:��'�a��O� �?�]{#� �$��s)riX�����4��}<=ϴ�$>�Mz ��㲽����իh�V��T���^��A"�ȉ�*���O�>����XLOo��%�E&����ztC(�ē=O���m�#���]���x�01��KИ��F�k^9y�:� (You may find it helpful to set this up on a spreadsheet.) 0000001326 00000 n Reliability of measurement is consistency or stability of measurement values across two or more “occasions” of measurement. 0��{�(*����… ʰ��ZL����$JM� )�}e� endstream endobj 313 0 obj 989 endobj 314 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 313 0 R >> stream 0000013641 00000 n The Reliability of the Bible: Count on it as God’s Word Yes, indeed, the Bible is reliable and trustworthy – more than any other book in all of history! Reliability of Composite Scores •When several tests or subtests contribute to an overall score, this is known as the composite score •The reliability of the composite score is generally greater than that reliability of the individual tests (within limits; for example, a GPA – composite score – is a more reliable In general, most problems in reliability engineering deal with quantitative measures, such as the time-to-failure of a component, or qualitative measures, such as whether a component is defective or non-defective. 0000008232 00000 n It is literally God’s “love letter” t o His people, kept intact and maintained carefully through His providence over thousands of years of human history. 0000012588 00000 n o^����@��yB{N�g�, �꠨�9�=��5��Š��!,�v�����jAn։�@ꯗ��6��Ѿ6d�Ǣ��G��^��ð���f`Ai䗆ᄤ�e6ڸ>iQf�k�r�-��]�n@�-��,(�"����C�ŭ79�O:B���s��HK�nXqۉ;���Z�p?���is-� ޵t]%a �`����h�zp1�מUԣ܎����l5G'�D���L׾~R��f�ͨ���4�`� ��bj��ng����bI`K֣x���a����p�5��`X�xt��|��h�����+���mo(#,�5 �}W�k�R/e�c��C*�}՝G��]z)���x�6�[�{��b��IJy�ذ���h���A?���3#Lw�^c6~��?�ت!��(�>Â�?�ͥ K����j}XZ}� ��t���s�K.��p�ø�Ă%ł���A��J�e��q�ň2+G ^����]�ˆ5���'��Ip���*��x���Ϗ7�5c]&. Subscale 4 (Peer evaluation): items 2, 9, 19, 22, 23 To conduct each reliability analysis on these data you need to follow the Analyze⇒Scale⇒Reliability Analysis … menu path to display the dialog box in Figure 1. In these columns, I marked a 1 if the student answered the item correctly and a 0 if the student answered incorrectly. Key Words: Anthropometry, bias, measurement error, measurement reliability, precision Introduction Measurement reliability is a direct indicator of data quality. ��E�HkgDa�rEO���ռ��}�|%L̝/��)�H�z�b�O���jy�h��6PY�ɠ��!m\d��FG���Wd��z�:�(�!��U��D���b���1\4��. Statistics is a branch of mathematics used to summarize, analyze, and interpret a group of numbers or observations. It provides in-depth coverage of a wide variety of topics, including Six Sigma, Data Mining, Process Capability and Measurement Systems Analysis. 0000004905 00000 n It is a compilation of 30 years of quality-related work experience and the result of frustration at the number of books necessary, at times, to provide statistical support. Statistics are part of your everyday life, and they are subject to interpretation. 4+7 8. 2.3. In this context, accuracy is defined by consistency (whether the results could be replicated). 0000009792 00000 n Inter-method reliability assesses the degree to which test scores are consistent when there is a variation in the methods or instruments used. ����$H"̓Ns{xo4��=�v�݊j q��ui廍z�m��`�j��ۿ��,Ӫ;-5���&�&DP#1���l�^�z����ҩk�2 Statements about the confidence of reliability specify 1 - UCLγ. Practical Engineering, Process, and Reliability Statistics (e-book) This book was written to aid quality technicians and engineers. 0000003910 00000 n 0000003678 00000 n (�aia��7o��g,���K�!Ȟw(C�0�� d �"9�A�O#7����#\�?���S-���z�z� ����L��rۛ�{�����jf���&��|D�\�;ql���*X�R������A�b�徹=fvV�U����u�+�����} W��Q��g������U��s��*�T��5|O��ކ�_4�S���v$��M�b1��-{:,��7�NC�PP�;R������ deėc- Descriptives for each variable and for the scale, summary statistics across items, inter-item correlations and covariances, reliability estimates, ANOVA table, intraclass correlation coefficients, Hotelling's T 2, and Tukey's test of additivity. Check the reliability Cronbach’s Alpha = .77 Reliability – SPSS Output Case Processing Summary N % Cases Valid 312 100.0 Excludeda 0 .0 Total 312 100.0 a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. Statistics. 0000012566 00000 n The statistical reliability is said to be low if you measure a certain level of control at one point and a significantly different value when you perform the experiment at another time. (Internal This is a refresher that presumes the reader has had some statistics background. • Explain what “classification consistency” and “classification accuracy” are and how they are related. (ÌCqK˜;s‰¢uFü¢È«IkäQwuޕöB“@¶ÂʔQÓ&!°0fź¹e‘BÀL¡Û TÙµ%"c½¡E!¨ŽdLÄ&„V Ò áÖÀ|#bJ’á-˜jåÖ4ê†T\ý¹¸»‡À. 0000009302 00000 n We begin by introducing two general types of statistics: 0000011525 00000 n The idea is thus to focus on this area only and not on the whole pdf’s: the analysis consists in evaluating the reliability of the structure, i.e. 0000076473 00000 n PDF | Questionnaire is one of the most widely used tools to collect data in especially social science research. ÃÝq¡¬Øv…w¸R¶¸RB¯!¯@AäŒÊç¬:$¾ìQ¢t‰Ê«‚p#Ñü%֍rßQÀnÑA¡\RÕX×;¬!ð©Dæíhå˜êä¢0‰Eó‰åq—)´ü 0000079231 00000 n ���F���,qZVZG�˖�X� 7+2 3. 0000004864 00000 n 4 This column lists each student. *Essay reliability statistics, which are the proportion of essays that are scored the same or within one point, range between .98 and 1.00. 0000013619 00000 n F�; a��'���� rH�d��e��S؏��-֧h� #���k�E���C809?�$z?o$�_�*D��{QY��ij�f���w�Tf, /�������b� OMS and SENTRY data are used to report reliability statistics for sustained and momentary outages. Interrater reliability (also called interobserver reliability) measures the degree of … 0000004410 00000 n Content validity measures the extent to which the items that comprise the scale accurately represent or measure the information that is being assessed. 8+6 6. For many criterion-referenced tests decision consistency is often an appropriate choice. This allows inter-rater reliability to be ruled out. 0000004927 00000 n To aid you in your work, Encyclopedia of Statistics in Quality and Reliability offers a vital knowledge source to support the development and implementation of statistical tools. 9+2 9. Split-Half Reliability KR-20 Dr. K. A. Korb University of Jos. 0000007033 00000 n And from there we explore 9 Principles of a Modern Preventive Maintenance Program. Time interval Number of failures 0-100 160 100-200 86 200-300 78 300-400 70 400-500 64 There are some easy parts and there are some hard parts. What is Reliability? ... • Reliability: The data show that the SAT is a reliable test and that an individual test–taker would tend to earn similar scores on repeated testing. ßìŽÃïï‘v‡¿¿×œÄX ;éTV®@=>´. 0000011503 00000 n 0000005964 00000 n 0000063669 00000 n M����۷��x�Pa���D�#֗Nԁ!��6 Reducing errors in measurement will increase ���E�:V���Խ��T�_�H�9�I6�ͣvP̶9wF! 0000010021 00000 n 0000010326 00000 n Conclusion: Reliability of the MGRS teams compared well with the study’s anthropometry expert and published reliability statistics. trailer << /Size 342 /Info 297 0 R /Encrypt 301 0 R /Root 300 0 R /Prev 234492 /ID[<4532e271c36cd41d49eb6c4a977e3986><87e6eba9cffca2797da2e1b38937a384>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 300 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 296 0 R /Metadata 298 0 R /PageLabels 295 0 R >> endobj 301 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /R 2 /O (���͓�Jx��d��*) /U (�� ��F-���J�_6����r\)Y8�ITVF�fK) /P -60 /V 1 /Length 40 >> endobj 340 0 obj << /S 487 /L 874 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 341 0 R >> stream Interrater reliability. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .768 .774 10 When dealing with forms, it may be termed parallel-forms reliability. reliability [Chakrabartty, 2013]. Here you can download the free lecture Notes of Probability and Statistics Pdf Notes – PS Notes Pdf materials with multiple file links to download. Find the reliability and the failure rate at 0, 100, 200, etc hours. Types of Reliability Test-Retest Reliability To estimate test-retest reliability, you must administer a test form to a single group of examinees on two separate occasions. Subscale 2 (Fear of statistics): items 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, 14, 10, 21 3. Practical Engineering, Process, and Reliability Statistics This book was written to aid quality technicians and engineers. Indeed the upper tails of the pdf’s only will be used for the design. Critical Reading 1, 25 min. t���w�!�sK-Ƈ$V�&�G��a�����]�W�̎�t=��~����5�2$�؆Y�@�I��O���$��Z ���$�O���������CѦ��1ޣ�Lٖ�)O�ޗQB�u������1ݓ�:���o��3��AH"�TV�q^rB�w�4KX�q�?wp�+�9?�͆65y�>��e úY�.��&�è{�4�,=�_`��dO���QXkό�r:w*n%�q�!N����>�ԓXK�ff�S�����XkևHQ�ɮ� 0000042401 00000 n Bringing statistical methods for reliability testing in line with the computer age This volume presents state-of-the-art, computer-based statistical methods for reliability data analysis and test planning for industrial … The article presents you all the substantial differences between validity and reliability. 0000002220 00000 n In the following, R will be used to denote the specific value 1 - UCLγ, and P will denote the specific value UCLγ. 5+3 2. Models. The concept of validity is related but is different from statistical reliability. He provides an overview of aspects of study design, selection and computation of appropriate inter-rater reliability statistics, and interpreting and reporting results. Download brochure (pdf) WHO SHOULD ATTEND. Introduction to reliability (Portsmouth Business School, April 2012) 4 interval are recorded. The following models of reliability are available: Alpha (Cronbach). 0000002460 00000 n in the whole pdf’s of structural displacements but well in the upper tails of them. Subscale 3 (Fear of mathematics): items 8, 11, 17 4. 0000001229 00000 n The information from several events, performance data, outage causes, SENTRY data, equipment and statistical reports from OMS are run on IPC’s Oregon operating area and each Oregon circuit. �=���4��?�ya!��Q''��^��_ٲ������@K����^ ��!β���Q�����!��^���_���������'��l�N��ƈ����(���z�����mP�4,tP|H�G��>j�܋�G�� k:n'�;WQ�a�&�ϒc� VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3.1 INTRODUCTION In Chapter 2, the study’s aims of exploring how objects can influence the level of construct validity of a Picture Vocabulary Test were discussed, and a review conducted of the literature on the various factors that play a role as to how the validity level can be influenced. Student Math Problem Name 1. Reliability, on the other hand, is not at all concerned with intent, instead asking whether the test used to collect data produces accurate results. reliability, decision consistency, internal consistency, and interrater reliability. This guide emphasizes concepts, not mathematics. The property of ignorance of intent allows an instrument to be simultaneously reliable and invalid. ���ꆁ�+p��o�@�*�{�8�0���3�Ig��P���ؖ±Q��d���>�" �0V�t���An�����y�Ƌ*)�J����m����Y�˒��iXK�~f.H��u�Sz�$��]�SK[@�o#�O��f����E%��"�K��J�s���L���o^��~�x�I^��Ԣ��NN�S{��2w���|W�Rn�={���"��ijԖ}K0�n��g�p�;�"H!���jаS*�5d��q��� 0000008210 00000 n In statistics, reliability is all about being able to reproduce the same results whereas validity is all about coming as close to the true value as possible. 0000004636 00000 n 0000079460 00000 n It is a compilation of 30 years of quality-related work experience and the result of frustration at the number of books necessary, at times, to provide statistical support. 0000003107 00000 n However, it does include explanations of some statistics commonly used to describe test reliability. The interpreter, of course, is YOU. Reliability vs Validity. 0000009280 00000 n 0000001479 00000 n q]6(��kAN�k#"�9�����O�r�|�bW9���O�5!��! The most useful references used to put this material together were: Raw data were converted to linear measures using the Rasch model. Probability and Statistics Notes Pdf – PS Pdf Notes book starts with the topics Binomial and poison distributions & Normal distribution related properties. 4. It is not same as reliability, which refers to the degree to which measurement produces consistent outcomes. �'A�a3��` rП�5K����]�� �2'�Kl�D������������2� �w��aP�4hN*�e.A�Wd��ԫ�ɔ:9��[C޴YV_��W��J�67�S���@�a|5�S:���*�1��픏��J�$����,�sXظ���X��wN�c~�nO3�gX��\�3�� y �TA�*� 0000002651 00000 n Prerequisite Knowledge . 6+3 4. Basic Statistics Refresher A.T. Mense 1/78 Basic Statistics: A Review by Allan T. Mense, Ph.D., PE, CRE This is not a textbook on statistics. 0000086804 00000 n The correlation between one set of observations with the second, then, provides a reliability coefficient. For example “90% confidence for 95% reliability” means 1 – UCL 0.1 is 0.95. The person-item map, item fit statistics, reliability, response category ordering, and dimensionality were examined. “Occasion” can be examined in several different ways. 0000079152 00000 n Reliability study designs and corresponding reliability coefficients To estimate test-score reliability, at a minimum one needs at least two observations (scores) on the same set of persons (Tables 2a and 2b). Are the questions that are asked representative of the possible questions that could be asked? :���y�ͻ�9]X��{~�}���L���(��5S�v�e��j��n�G9��Z�!�kG�x="p�]鳎`&+�Ub�)ן��4��d c��?��jZR�� ��]u�\��b�D��n�$!�S&`� O�����433 ���M�Z;�SH�ׯ l' M‘CÑÔpwŽß§sgPp´î°ãêpI ¥M~¢­Ê¼°Þøåc2Ær@ËòºOÊÐV9c.mÐX°Ê»¡j ƋÒûÒó:Î¥OTTÒ 0000007056 00000 n %PDF-1.3 %���� 0000002242 00000 n As for maintenance & reliability practitioner, you should know these principles and live by them. WêÇÏjmÁïe^[_=£ÅBSÁêV¾é‘tأݯô䖐FÖ"#opÚÒ/²(½Ó—šá›[=ðÁ$Gøô5%'ÌÓjr”H⥉|¾Þ©TVÛáÐkõ“´ This course will go into advanced reliability statistics from sampling plans and confidence limits to hypothesis testing and design of experiments, and will give an understanding about how to apply these statistics in order to develop reliability tests and analyze reliability data. 299 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 302 /H [ 1479 763 ] /L 240602 /E 87663 /N 7 /T 234503 >> endobj xref 299 43 0000000016 00000 n 9+1 5. 2. Amstat News asked three review editors to rate their top five favorite books in the September 2003 issue.Statistical Methods for Reliability Data was among those chosen.. �̌��}I���s�f�֡a�OVo'X���[X���k`r��bS�� ��,D"������K�(С/ ��Q���/������a���0�ƪڇǼ"��[&�����[ =�sOF%�-��I5d���~���@��#[٪�U>�����5?DXZw5i����T8S���������. 0000010482 00000 n Kevin A. Hallgren has computed inter-rater reliability for observational data in details for tutorial purposes. 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