[213], The change was potentially favorable for Britain, as trade with the cities of the area was facilitated, without the monopoly that Spain had maintained over their colonies for centuries. [48] The Spanish militia and a group of people summoned by the meeting gathered to support the rebellion. The country closes down and the nation celebrates with parades, music and traditional food. [90] The guards let them pass unannounced, and they found Cisneros playing cards with Brigadier Quintana, prosecutor Caspe and aide Coicolea. [3], The ideals of the French Revolution of 1789 spread across Europe and the Americas as well. [18][19] The Spanish trade routes favored the ports of Mexico and Lima, to the detriment of Buenos Aires. Six years later, the representatives of all the Argentine provinces met and officially declared our independence on July 9, 1816. [1] News of the events of 1789 and copies of the publications of the French Revolution spread around Spain despite efforts to keep them at bay. Because of this, historical views on the topic differ in their interpretations of the meanings, causes and consequences of the events, rather than in the accuracy of their depiction of the events themselves. [65] However, he rejected economist José María Romero's proposal to banish a number of people considered dangerous to the Spanish regime, such as Saavedra, Paso, Vieytes, Castelli and Moreno, among others. [109] Juan José Paso accepted his first point, but argued that the situation in Europe and the possibility that Napoleon's forces could conquer the American colonies demanded an urgent resolution. [96] Leiva left the Cabildo, and Belgrano, who was representing the crowd, requested a definitive commitment. [228] Even if Spain was at war with France, the ideals of the French Revolution (liberty, equality and fraternity) were still respected. [116] He then expounded the "argument of the elder sister", reasoning that Buenos Aires should take the initiative and make the changes deemed necessary and appropriate, on the express condition that the other cities would be invited to comment as soon as possible. [148], The crowd's agitation increased, and they overran the chapter house. Today the country celebrates its independence with the celebration of Revolution day. Type. [153] Rodríguez headed to Azcuenaga's house to meet the other revolutionaries to plan the final stages of the revolution. At first this added to the conflicts between Buenos Aires and the provinces during the Argentine Civil War, because the date in May related to Buenos Aires and the date of July 9 related to the whole country. [47] On January 1, 1809, an open cabildo (an extraordinary meeting of vecinos, prominent people of the city) chaired by Álzaga demanded the resignation of Liniers and the appointment of a local junta. 2015. [18] This situation damaged the viceroyalty, as Spain's economy was not powerful enough to produce the huge supply of goods that the numerous colonies would need. [34] This political project, known as Carlotism, sought to prevent a French invasion of the Americas. It is celebrated as Argentina’s independence day but is actually celebrating a series of events that lead up to the May Revolution and ultimately Argentina’s independence from Spain. [59] Álzaga was not freed, but his sentence was commuted to house arrest. [89] Finally, he pointed out that the Supreme Central Junta that appointed Cisneros as Viceroy no longer existed, so he rejected Cisneros' legitimacy as Viceroy and denied him the protection of the troops under his command. The highest authority would be transferred temporarily to the Cabildo until the appointment of a governing junta. National Flag Day 20 June 2020. 25 de Mayo: National Day. Spanish navigator Juan Díaz de Solís found the River of Silver in 1516, but was killed as he tried to go up river. The stability of Cisneros in power, albeit in an office other than Viceroy, was seen as an insult to the will of the open cabildo. [180] In 1814, the second triumvirate was replaced by the authority of the Supreme Director. [93] They learned the result of the meeting with Cisneros, but were unsure as to whether Cisneros intended to keep his word. Argentina National Day 2017 Happy National Day Argentina! [125] Another 30 votes supported Cisneros, with no change to the political system. [107] There was no secret ballot; votes were heard one at a time and recorded in the minutes. Council of Regency of Spain and the Indies, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, retroversion of the sovereignty to the people, junta, like the ones established in Spain. [32] Carlota Joaquina, sister of Ferdinand VII, was the wife of the Portuguese prince regent, but had her own political projects. [134][142] Historian Bartolomé Mitre stated that French and Beruti distributed blue and white ribbons, similar to the modern cockade of Argentina, among those present. [188] The brief existence of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, which had lasted barely 38 years, impeded the consolidation of a patriotic feeling and failed to bring a sense of community to all of the population. [14][15] These events are known as the Abdications of Bayonne. Argentina's Independence Day is celebrated on May 25 th every year, the people of Argentina take to the streets and participate in everything from marches and concerts to public rallies and meetings to celebrate May Revolution Day or Dia de la Revolucion de Mayo. [98] Demands for Cisneros' immediate resignation replaced those for an open cabildo. Here there are no conquerors or conquered; here there are only Spaniards. [169] This reduced the power of the counter-revolutionary army by means of desertions and sabotage. [176], The Captaincy General of Chile followed a process analogous to that of the May Revolution, and elected a Government Junta that inaugurated the brief period known as Patria Vieja. [226] When Ferdinand VII stood against his father Charles IV, who was seen as an absolutist king, many Spaniards got the mistaken impression that he sympathized with the new enlightened ideas. [142] However, there is no unanimous view among historians about the authorship of the document. Every country in the world in 1 calendar. On the 25 th of May 1810, after a week of events taking place in Buenos Aires which would eventually be known as the May Revolution, the first independent government of Argentina, La Primera Junta, was established, bringing the nation one step closer to its independence. [126] This proposal received 35 votes, and sought simply to replace Cisneros with Huidobro: Huidobro was the most senior military officer, and thus the natural candidate under current laws to replace the viceroy in the lack of a new appointment from Spain. [144] Later historians doubt it, but consider it possible that the revolutionaries used distinctive marks of some kind for identification. [18][31], The Portuguese royal family left Europe and settled in colonial Brazil in 1808, after their escape from the Napoleonic invasion of Portugal. [150] The Cabildo called the commanders to deliberate with them. [100] The revolutionaries countered this move with a similar one, so that most people would be against Cisneros instead. [81] During these secret meetings, they appointed a representative commission composed of Juan José Castelli and Martín Rodríguez to request that Cisneros convene an open cabildo to decide the future of the Viceroyalty. This Spanish colony included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and parts of Brazil. [12] When that failed, they chose to promote the Spanish-American aspirations of emancipation from Spain. [25] This was in part because the clergy controlled the entire educational system in Spanish America, which led the population to hold the same conservative ideas and follow the same customs as in Spain. May 25th is known as el Día de la Revolución de Mayo, or the Day of the May Revolution. [22] Events developed at a slower pace than in the United States independence movement. [166] Captain Mark Brigut was instructed to avoid American ports and deliver all of them directly to the Canary Islands. History of National Day in Argentina. Though … [61] A swift reaction from the Spanish authorities defeated those rebellions. [117] The rhetorical device of the "elder sister", comparable to negotiorum gestio,[118] makes an analogy between the relationship of Buenos Aires and other cities of the viceroyalty with a sibling relationship. May. The May Revolution began the Argentine War of Independence, although no formal declaration of independence was issued at the time and the Primera Junta continued to govern in the name of the deposed king, Ferdinand VII. [50] The riot was quickly routed when criollo militias led by Cornelio Saavedra surrounded the plaza and dispersed the insurgents. [152] The Cabildo still refused to give up, until the noise of the demonstration was heard in the hall. [132] Colonel Martín Rodriguez warned that, if the army were to commit support to a government that kept Cisneros, they would soon have to fire on the people, and that they would revolt. [10] The Napoleonic Wars with France made this a difficult task, after Napoleon imposed the Continental System, which forbade his allies and conquests to trade with Britain. [92] Juan José Paso stood up and cried out for the freedom of Buenos Aires, and a small fight ensued. Today, May 25 is a public holiday in Argentina that honors the Primer gobierno patrio or the First National Government. [221] Thus, it would have the characteristics of a civil war instead. [232] By 1880, the federalization of Buenos Aires removed the local connotations and the May Revolution was considered the birth of the nation. [78], Not fooled by the Viceroy's communiqué, some criollos met at the houses of Nicolás Rodríguez Peña and Martín Rodríguez. [1][2] Between 1775 and 1783, the American patriots of the Thirteen Colonies waged the American Revolutionary War against both the local loyalists and the Kingdom of Great Britain, eventually establishing a popular government in the place of the British monarchy. [88][102] All noteworthy religious and civilian people were present, as well as militia commanders and many prominent residents. [137] There was a meeting at Rodríguez Peña's house. [190], Historiographical studies of the May Revolution do not face many doubts or unknown details. National Day is a public holiday in Argentina. [150] The Cabildo argued that Buenos Aires had no right to break the political system of the viceroyalty without discussing it with the other provinces; French and Chiclana replied that the call for a Congress had already been considered. [189] Juan Bautista Alberdi sees the May Revolution as one of the early manifestations of the power struggles between the city of Buenos Aires and the provinces—one of the axial conflicts at play in the Argentine civil wars. Spaniards came to colonize the land, and the Jesuits created as many as 30 missions all over the territory. [175] The final defeat of the Montevidean royalists was carried out in 1814 by Carlos María de Alvear and William Brown. [140] Moreno refused any further involvement, but Castelli and Peña trusted that he would eventually join them if events unfolded as they expected. May 25 is a national day in Argentina, known as First Patriotic Government, with the character of a public holiday. [11] To achieve their economic objectives, Britain initially tried to invade Rio de la Plata and conquer key cities in Spanish America. Joseph's coronation was met with severe resistance in Spain, which started the Peninsular War, and the Supreme Central Junta took power in the name of the absent king. [139] Cisneros wanted to wait for the following day, but they said that there was no time for further delays, so he finally agreed to resign. [45] They requested the Spanish authorities appoint a new viceroy. [93], At 3 pm, the Cabildo began its routine work, but was interrupted by 600 armed men named the Infernal Legion, who occupied the Plaza de la Victoria and loudly demanded the convening of an open cabildo and the resignation of Viceroy Cisneros. Argentina Holidays calendar for the whole year: public holidays, world and international holidays, religious holidays, professional holidays, culcural holidays, unofficial holidays, observances [214] However, Britain's first priority was the war against France in Europe, and they could not appear to support American independence movements or allow the military attention of Spain to be divided onto two different fronts. [85] Leiva would later act as a mediator, being both a confidante of Cisneros and a trusted negotiator for the more moderate revolutionaries. Napoleon Bonaparte's takeover of Spain sparked the May Revolution in Argentina. [78] People who sympathized with the absolutist government were harassed, but the fights were of little consequence because nobody was allowed to take muskets or swords out of the barracks. [224] When San Martín talked about enemies, he called them "royalists" or "Goths", but never "Spanish". [181] Meanwhile, Martín Miguel de Güemes contained the royalist armies sent from the Viceroyalty of Peru at Salta, while San Martín advanced towards the royalist stronghold of Lima by sea, on a Chilean–Argentine campaign. [235] An image of the Cabildo during the Revolution appeared on the back of the 5-peso banknote of the former peso moneda nacional.[236]. [101] During the night, Castelli, Rodríguez, French and Beruti visited all the barracks to harangue the troops and prepare them for the following day. The reason and the rule must be equal for everybody. [61] On July 16, the La Paz revolution, led by Colonel Pedro Domingo Murillo, deposed the Governor of La Paz and elected a new junta. [153] The demonstration overran the Cabildo again, and reached the hall of deliberations. Argentina holidays in 2021. European explorers arrived in Argentina as early as 1502, led by Américo Vespucio. 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